Caryn’s Thoughts
After spending the majority of her life as a Labor and Delivery nurse, my sister-in-law, Jennifer Parmely retired from Wyoming Medical Center in Casper, Wyoming on Feb 23, 2023. Jennifer decided to keep her license until the next time it came up for renewal, and then let it go. She would no longer be a registered nurse. Of course, that doesn’t change the fact that she is still and always will be a nurse, but she wouldn’t be licenses to practice anymore. Still, she is available for her family is any of them need any nursing insight, but she couldn’t act in any official capacity. Her niece, my daughter Corrie Petersen decided to follow in her aunt’s footsteps and be a nurse too. Jennifer definitely inspired her.
That makes no difference, really, because these days her life revolves around her physical activities, such as 
activities such as hiking, skiing, biking, and any number of other sports. She and her partner, Brian Cratty own a cabin on Casper Mountain, and they love to spend time in the solitude of their land. There are a number of trails on the mountain that she enjoys hiking on, an d it keeps her in tip top shape.
But her physical activities aren’t the only things Jennifer loves to do. She is Oma to four beautiful grandchildren…three girls and one boy. They and her children are truly her world. Each year on their birthdays, they get to have a special day with Oma, just them. They get to pick out the kind of birthday cake she will make for them, and the often get to spend the night with her too. She always makes their day a super special one. They are all getting so grown up these days, and I suppose those days might one day come to an end, but I think Jennifer will keep up the tradition for as long as she can.
Jennifer and her daughter-in-law, Kelli Schulenberg both like to hike, and love spending time on the mountain in the summer walking the trails. Sometimes the grandchildren, her boys, and her other daughter-in-law, might join them too, but often it’s Brian who has been her hiking partner, as well as her life partner. They also like to bike the trails, and so they make use of the trails that way too. I know that while she doesn’t mind the Winter season, Jennifer always looks forward to the Summer’s warmth and the many hours she will spend on the mountain. Today is Jennifer’s birthday. Happy birthday Jennifer, Have a great day!! We love you!!
Scott Cooley, who was born in Texas around 1845, spent his early years as an honorable man, and in fact served as a Texas Ranger. When he met Johnny Ringo, all those years of being a good man ended. Cooley got involved in the Mason County War, and that was where he met Ringo.
Cooley’s life wasn’t an easy one. He was orphaned as a young boy, when Native Americans killed his parents. While he was truly alone, he was unofficially adopted and raised by a rancher named Tim Williamson and his wife, who nursed him through Typhoid as a child. Cooley grew up to have a great deal of respect for the couple, which would later come into play at the eruption of the Mason County War.
When Cooley joined the Texas Rangers, as a young man, he served in Captain Cicero R Perry’s Company D. He quickly earned recognition for his relentless pursuit of outlaws. He was considered very dedicated and loyal. Then, in an odd move, Cooley resigned in 1875. He then took up farming and ranching near Maynardville, Texas. During this time, he and his benefactor, Tim Williamson, made two cattle drives to Kansas.
On May 13, 1875, Cooley’s life completely changed, when Deputy Sheriff John Worley arrested Tim Williamson on the suspicion of cattle rustling. It was the last straw. While Worley escorted Williamson to jail, an angry mob of German cattlemen abducted the prisoner and shot him to death. Thus began the Mason County War in Texas, which pitted the German cattlemen against the native-born Texans. Cooley blamed Worley for Williamson’s death, as he believed Worley had colluded with the German ambushers. He waited for the ambushers to be 
arrested but took matters into his own hands when no indictments were made against them.
Cooley recruited several men to help him get his revenge, including John and Mose Beard, George Gladden, and Johnny Ringo. Then, the gang went out to avenge Tim Williamson’s death. Cooley and his “posse” went to Worley’s home, where he found the deputy working on his well with an assistant, who had been lowered over the side. Cooley shot Worley dead, and the well worker who was clinging to the rope, fell to the bottom of the well. To complete his revenge, Cooley scalped Worley, and proudly displayed his prize to the Germans. The gang went on to kill Peter Bader, who was believed to have been Williamson’s actual killer. They then tracked down another man named Daniel Hoerster, murdering him. Hoerster was suspected of having been part of the ambush group.
The actions of revenge were not going to be overlooked by the Germans, who retaliated. A posse led by Sheriff John Clark ambushed Mose Beard and George Gladden, killing Beard and seriously wounding Gladden. The sheriff’s posse included Charles Bader, brother to Cooley’s second victim, Peter Bader, who was after his own revenge. Not to be outdone, Cooley and his allies began to kill a number of the ambushers. This was to retaliate by the hanging of two of Cooley’s confederates. The killing continued back and forth for the next 
several months. The Texas Rangers were friends of Cooley’s, so they didn’t do much about it.
Scott Cooley and Johnny Ringo were arrested by Sheriff A J Strickland in December 1875. With the help of friends, they later escaped from the Lampasas County, Texas jail. Cooley later escaped from a posse at the Llano River. It was believed that he fled to Blanco County. There he lived with friends and died a short time later of brain fever. Only a few minor gunmen were ever charged for the revenge killings, but one was Johnny Ringo. He was acquitted. He would turn up later in Tombstone, Arizona, to tangle with the likes of Wyatt Earp.
Walter Hunt was a mechanic and independent inventor from New York. That basically meant he dabbled at inventions, but in this case, while he may not have realized the value of his invention, he would go on to invent on of the most important and versatile tools there is. The sad thing for Hunt is that because he didn’t realize what he had, he sold his patent for far less than its value. On April 10, 1849, Hunt sold the patent for his safety pin, unique with its metal loop that created a spring for just $400 ($16,502 today). While $16,502 sounds like a lot of money, the purchaser would go on to make millions off of Hunt’s invention. Hunt would never receive another penny.
Hunt was born on July 29, 1796, in Martinsburg, New York. Because he had a debt of $25 that he needed to pay, he scrambled to invent something that would earn him some money. Playing with a piece of metal wire, he twisted and turned it into what he called a “dress pin,” which had a spring at one end that forced the other end into a clasp. The invention wasn’t completely new, since ancient Romans used something similar for jewelry, but rather it was simply an improvement of the original design. Another version of a safety pin came out in 1842, but it had no spring, unlike the pins we know today. Hunt decided to patent his invention, and it was given US Patent Number 6,281. Today, many years later, Hunt’s design still has countless everyday uses, including fastening clothing and diapers. At one time a large version was used to adorn the outside of a wrap-around skirt.
The safety pin wasn’t his greatest invention, nor the one which brought him the most money, but it has 
changed the lives of countless numbers of people to this day. In his lifetime, Hunt achieved moderate success and invented many items, including a repeating rifle, a flax spinner, a fountain pen, a knife sharpener, an ice plough, and one of the world’s first sewing machines with an eye-pointed needle. Hunt’s sewing machine actually triggered a patent dispute with another inventor, Elias Howe. He died of pneumonia at his place of business in New York City on June 8, 1859. He was 62 years old.
Samuel Langhorne Clemens alias Mark Twain had a number of jobs before he became a famous writer. Clemens childhood was a difficult one, beginning with his premature birth on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri. He was the sixth of seven children born to John Marshall Clemens and Jane Lampton Clemens. Only three of those children would survive to adulthood. Clemens, himself was sickly and frail until he was 7 years old. In 1839 the family moved to the town of Hannibal, Missouri. His popular novels “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” were set in a fictionalized version of Hannibal. John Marshall Clemens became a justice of the peace in Hannibal but struggled financially. Samuel Clemens was just 11 years old when his 49-year-old father died of pneumonia. Clemens’ life was about to change forever.
In 1848, the year after his father’s death, Clemens went to work full-time as an apprentice printer at a newspaper in Hannibal. Remember that he was just a boy of 12 years at the time. In 1851, he moved over to a typesetting job at a local paper owned by his older brother, Orion. This would have been a promotion of sorts, but it also sparked something in him that would eventually make him the man what the world would know. He began to write a handful of short stories, and so began his lifelong writing career, although not on that exact day. He would have to do a few other things first. Nevertheless, some of his stories were published. In 1853, when he was 17 years old, Clemens left Hannibal and spent the next several years living in places such as New York City, Philadelphia and Keokuk, Iowa, and working as a printer.
In 1857, he decided to try something new, and signed on as a pilot’s apprentice on a river boat while on his way to Mississippi. He had been commissioned to write a series of comic travel letters for the Keokuk Daily Post, but after writing five, decided he’d rather be a pilot than a writer. this decision would also lead to a tragedy when, in 1858, while employed on a boat called the Pennsylvania, he got his younger brother, Henry, a job aboard the vessel. He worked on the Pennsylvania until early June. Then, on June 13, disaster struck when 
the Pennsylvania, traveling near Memphis, experienced a deadly boiler explosion. Among the dead was 19-year-old Henry. Nevertheless, Clemens continued to work as a pilot’s apprentice and on April 9, 1859, a 23-year-old Clemens received his steamboat pilot’s license. He piloted his own boats for two years, until the Civil War halted steamboat traffic. During his time as a pilot, he picked up the pseudonym “Mark Twain” from a boatman’s call noting that the river was only two fathoms deep, the minimum depth for safe navigation, hence Twain. When he returned to writing in 1861, working for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, he wrote a humorous travel letter signed by “Mark Twain” and continued to use the pseudonym for nearly 50 years.
He moved to San Francisco in 1864, to work as a reporter. While there, he wrote the story that made him famous, “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.” He traveled to Hawaii as a correspondent for the Sacramento Union in 1866. After his stint in Hawaii, he traveled the world writing accounts for papers in California and New York, which he later published as the popular book The Innocents Abroad in 1869. In 1870, when he was 35 years old, Clemens married Olivia Langdon, who was the daughter of a wealthy New York coal merchant and settled in Hartford, Connecticut, where he continued to write travel accounts and lecture. In 1875, his novel “Tom Sawyer” was published, followed by “Life on the Mississippi” in 1883, and his masterpiece “Huckleberry Finn” in 1885. Some bad investments left the Clemens family bankrupt after the publication of Huckleberry Finn, but he won back his financial standing with his next three books. He and Olivia had four children, their son Langdon died of diphtheria in 1872 at the age of 19 months. They also had three daughters: Susy (1872–1896), Clara (1874–1962), and Jean (1880–1909). Clara Clemens had one child, Nina Gabrilowitsch, who passed away in 1966, leaving no direct descendants of Samuel Clemens “Mark Twain.” Clemens and his family moved to Italy in 1903. Sadly, his wife died on June 5, 1904. Her death left him sad and bitter, and his work, while still humorous, grew distinctly darker. Clemens “Mark Twain” died in 1910. As he 
had predicted, or more likely chosen, “Mark Twain” died of a heart attack on April 21, 1910, at Stormfield, the mansion he had built in Redding, Connecticut…one day after Halley’s Comet was at its closest to the Sun and a month before the comet the passed near the Earth. I believe he was tired of living. He missed his wife, and most of his children had predeceased him. He was done, and simply ready to go home.
The Russian ship, Novgorod was a “monitor” built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1870s. A monitor is “a relatively small warship that is neither fast nor strongly armored but carries disproportionately large guns.” These ships were used by various navies from the 1860s, during the First World War and also has a limited presence in the Second World War. Novgorod was one of the most unusual warships ever constructed, and it is still considered in “popular naval myth” as one of the worst warships ever built. Whether it was a good warship or not, it certainly was one of the funniest looking warships of all time.
While funny looking, Novgorod was relatively effective in her designed role as a coast-defense ship, and apparently there were reasons for the design of the ship. The hull was circular to reduce draught (In maritime terms, “draught” (also spelled “draft”) refers to the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of a ship’s hull (keel)123. It is a critical measurement that indicates how deep a vessel sits in the water.) Well, this ship definitely sat low in the water, so I guess “draught” was reduced with this funny looking ship. The design allowed the ship to carry much more armor and a heavier armament than other ships of the same size. While she was funny looking, Novgorod played a minor role in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and was reclassified as a coast-defense ironclad in 1892.
Scottish shipbuilder John Elder published an article in 1868, that indicated that widening the beam of a ship would reduce the area that needed to be protected and allow it to carry thicker armor and heavier, more powerful guns in comparison to a ship with a narrower beam, as was the typical practice of the day. I suppose that makes sense. The low riding craft might also be somewhat more difficult to see in battle. In addition, only a moderate increase in power would be required to match the speed of a normal ship. according to Elder. Then Director of Naval Construction of the Royal Navy, Sir Edward Reed, agreed with Elder’s conclusions. Rear-Admiral Andrei Alexandrovich Popov of the Imperial Russian Navy decided that to further expand on Elder’s concept by broadening the ship, and in the end, it was actually circular and flat-bottomed, unlike Elder’s convex hull, to further minimize its draught. Thus, the funny looking monitor (also known as a popovkas) was born.
In his book, The World’s Worst Warships, naval historian Antony Preston characterized the popovkas like this: “But in other respects, they were a dismal failure. They were too slow to stem the current in the Dniepr, and proved very difficult to steer. In practice the discharge of even one gun caused them to turn out of control and 
even contra-rotating some of six propellers was unable to keep the ship on the correct heading. Nor could they cope with the rough weather which is frequently encountered in the Black Sea. They were prone to rapid rolling and pitching in anything more than a flat calm and could not aim or load their guns under such circumstances.” The Novgorod popovkas ship was decommissioned in 1903 and used as a storeship until she was sold for scrap in 1911.
Life has changed quite a bit for my niece, Chantel Balcerzak over the past year. Since her daughter, Siara Kirk and her husband, Chris bought the house next door to Chantel and her husband, Dave Balcerzak, and then had a sweet baby boy named Nathanial, Chantel has been helping them by babysitting their sweet boy. It has been a great thing for everyone. Siara and Chris know that when they are working, their baby boy is having a great time with his grandma, and that makes going to work much easier for them. Leaving your baby with a sitter isn’t always easy, but it’s a whole lot easier when the sitter is Grandma. Chantel has three other grandchildren, as well as one sweet baby boy, Alec, who lives in Heaven. She enjoys spending time with each and every one of them.
Not only do Chantel and Dave live next door to Siara, Chris, and Nathaniel, but they are also best friends. They 
really enjoy doing things together. They love to attend concerts and football games and do so as often as possible. Chantel may not be the sports enthusiast that her husband or children are, but she very much enjoys the trips they have taken to the games. She enjoys travel, and if given the opportunity, she will gladly go. The concerts are a real favorite for her too.
Since she was a little girl, Chantel has always had a flair for the artistic…be it art, makeup, or fashion. Always the diva, Chantel always knew just how to pose to make the photograph being takes of her looked really great. She loves to paint, and has completed several murals, my favorite being the one she did on the wall in the backyard of her sister, Toni and husband, Dave Chase’s house. They love it too, and it gives their yard a beautiful mountain scene. You can actually feel like you are really in the mountains.
Being an artist, Chantel is also very good at interior design. Her house is beautiful, and on that I would always 
like to emulate…since I am not an artist or an interior designer. Chantel’s house has a distinctly feminine flair to it, but the “woman’s touch” in her house doesn’t bother her husband Dave one bit. I think he likes that his house has a “woman’s touch.” It makes him feel loved. I think every man wants to feel “taken care of” especially in their home, and Chantel’s knack for design truly makes him feel that way. Today is Chantel’s birthday. Happy birthday Chantel!! Have a great day!! We love you!!
Funny thing…some things that used to be considered medicines years ago, have become common things today, like some condiments. Ketchup, for example, was sold in the 1830s as medicine. Apparently, an Ohio physician named John Cook Bennett, sold ketchup as a cure for upset stomach in 1834. Now, as a person who hates ketchup, I can say that it would have given me an upset stomach, but I am in the minority, I guess. It apparently took until the late 19th century for people to realize that while it didn’t help their upset stomach, they liked it on their food. wasn’t popularized as a condiment until the late 19th century! Apparently, Bennett sold the mix as a cure all for a number of things…including diarrhea, indigestion, and rheumatism. While it might have been a novel idea, it wasn’t based on fact.
A mustard plaster, or mustard pack, is a home remedy believed to ease symptoms of respiratory conditions. 
However, there’s no evidence that mustard plasters work. The treatment may also cause unwanted side effects such as skin irritation and burns. A mustard plaster is mainly used for coughing and congestion, but it’s also used for pain such as: backaches, cramps, and arthritis.
Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a type of vinegar made with crushed fermented apples, yeast, and sugar. Vinegar is used in things like salad dressings, pickles, and marinades. While these food used are one thing, vinegar has also been used it as a home remedy…and still is today. Things like fighting germs to preventing heartburn. Recent studies had shown that it might have some real health benefits. Things like reducing blood sugar levels and aiding weight loss have been explored. As with other “condiment medicines” no real evidence of these benefits has been found. The good news is that ACV is harmless, if used correctly. 
Vinegar does contain contains some of the nutrients in apple juice, including B vitamins and antioxidants called polyphenols, which is a good thing.
I suppose it could be said that these and other condiments contain vitamins, minerals, and other things that might be good for us, there is no proof that they are a substitute for medicines. The addition of sugar as an ingredient in modern recipes makes me question the nutritional value of these items, much less the medicinal value of them. Nevertheless, there are lots of medicines that don’t really help either and some that are actually detrimental to health, so that fact might need to be taken into account when we consider whether to go with natural medicine or man-made medicine.
It has long been known that the mineral hot springs waters can have a healing effect on the body. The heat opens the pores, and the minerals are absorbed through the skin to bring their healing effects. The Indians knew about the value of the waters in Thermopolis, Wyoming. As for the “white man’s” discovery of the healing waters, they were discovered by a man named John Colter in 1807 – 1808 during his winter exploration of the area. To the Shoshone Indian Tribe, who owned the land at that time, the area was known to the local Native American tribes as “Bah-gue-wana” or “smoking waters.” The town of Thermopolis itself got its name from the Greek words “thermo” (hot) and “polis” (city). History doesn’t record the exact conversation that led to the naming of Thermopolis, but it is said to have involved whiskey, outlaws, and a cowboy with a thick Irish brogue who convinced the townspeople it was the perfect name.
At some point it was decided that the Shoshoni Tribe would sell the area to the “white man” but there were to 
be some stipulations. In 1896, Chief Washakie and the Eastern Shoshone tribe sold the land with one important condition: the springs must remain free and accessible to the public forever. They knew that the “healing waters” were such a great help to people with multiple conditions, one of which was rheumatoid arthritis. The springs contain calcium, magnesium, sodium, and sulfates that are known to help with joint pain and skin conditions. I remember hearing about my grandmother, Anna Schumacher Spencer being taken to soak in the waters at the Bath House in Thermopolis to help with her pain and stiffness. Chief Washakie knew that there would be many people who would need the waters, and in his wisdom, he made sure it would always be available.
For many other people, the warm waters of Thermopolis provide a wonderful place to relax and just have fun. They are a popular weekend getaway, and a great place to take the kids during Spring Break. People come from all over the state of Wyoming, as well as the surrounding states and even from other states and countries, just 
to enjoy the warm water and the peaceful surroundings. Thermopolis is a small town, and there isn’t a lot to do. The dinosaur museum, the buffalo preserve, and the pools make up most of the “attractions” and the trails add a few other things to do, or those who like to hike, like me. I think the lack of activities appeals to me the most…that and the mineral hot tub, of course. That’s my favorite part.
William Alexander Anderson Wallace was born in Lexington, Virginia on April 3, 1817, parents of Scots-Irish descent. He might have stayed in Virginia, but in 1836, when he was just 19 years old, Wallace received news that one of his brothers had been killed in the Battle of Goliad, which was an early confrontation in the Texan war of independence with Mexico. Wallace promised to “take pay of the Mexicans” for his brother’s death. So, with revenge on his mind, Wallace left Lexington and headed for Texas. Upon his arrival, Wallace found that the war was already over. With no further need of his anger-revenge agenda, Wallace found he liked the spirited independence of the new Republic of Texas and decided to stay.
Wallace was a big man, standing over six feet tall and weighing around 240 pounds. His size alone made him an intimidating figure, but his nickname of “Big Foot” came from his unusually large feet. Wallace didn’t think he would ever get the chance to fight Mexicans, but in 1842, he finally got his chance when he joined with other Texans to stop an invasion by the Mexican General Adrian Woll. During another skirmish with Mexicans, Wallace was captured, and he spent the next two years serving hard time in the notoriously brutal Perote Prison in Vera Cruz. He was finally released in 1844.
After his time as a prisoner of war, Wallace returned to Texas and found himself feeling tired of the rigidness of the formal Texan military force. So, he decided to leave the military for the less rigid organization of the Texas Rangers. The Texas Ranger program was part law-enforcement officers and part soldiers. They fought both bandits and Native Americans in the large, but sparsely populated reaches of the Texan frontier. “Big Foot” Williams served under the famous Ranger John Coffee Hays until the start of the Civil War in 1861. Williams was against the idea of Texas secession from the Union, but he was unwilling to fight against his own people. He had really assimilated himself into Texas…it was a big part of him. Williams spent most of the Civil War defending Texas against Native American attacks along the frontier. He didn’t get involved in the “politics” of the matter, he just knew that he was now a Texan, and he had to defend her at all costs.
Wallace spent many years in the wilds of Texas, having hundreds of adventures. He was attacked by Native Americans while working as a stage driver on the dangerous San Antonio-El Paso route. In that event, he 
barely escaped with his life. The Natives stole his mules and left him stranded in the Texas desert. Forced to walk all the way to El Paso, he later said that he ate 27 eggs at the first house he came to after his long walk. Then, he went into town to have a “real meal.”
After many years and many adventures and in his old age, Wallace decided he had enough of life as a fighter and adventurer. He was tired and ready to learn how to relax. The state of Texas, in exchange for his years of service, granted Wallace land along the Medina River and in Frio County in the southern part of the state. Wallace loved to tell anyone who would listen, with highly embellished tales of his frontier days. Soon he became a well-known folk hero to the people of Texas. Wallace died on January 7, 1899. He is buried in the Texas State Cemetery.
During the Revolutionary War, the United States, being a small start-up nation did not have huge amounts of funds to build a strong navy to fight against the influx of British ships sent to try to force our nation back under the rule of Great Britain, so being the resourceful nation they were, the Continental Congress made the decision to give privateers permission to attack any and all British ships on April 3, 1776. The bill was signed by John Hancock, president of the Continental Congress at that time. The bill issued “INSTRUCTIONS to the COMMANDERS of Private Ships or vessels of War, which shall have Commissions of Letters of Marque and Reprisal, authorizing them to make Captures of British Vessels and Cargoes.”
The private commercial ships were given “Letters of Marque and Reprisal” which were the official documents by which 18th-century governments commissioned private commercial ships, known as privateers, to act on their behalf. With these documents, they were officially allowed to start attacking ships carrying the flags of enemy nations. The motivation for the “assignments” was that any goods captured by the privateer were to be divided between the ship’s owner and the government that had issued the letter. It was a pretty good deal for the privateer, because they could then sell or use the good, or sell them for a profit. It was also a good deal for the government, because the received half of the “spoils” and they didn’t have to pay the privateer. As for the British ships…well, the deal was not so good.
The orders given to the privateers by Congress were “YOU may, by Force of Arms, attack, subdue, and take all Ships and other Vessels belonging to the Inhabitants of Great Britain, on the high seas, or between high-water and low-water Marks, except Ships and Vessels bringing Persons who intend to settle and reside in the United Colonies, or bringing Arms, Ammunition or Warlike Stores to the said Colonies, for the Use of such Inhabitants thereof as are Friends to the American Cause, which you shall suffer to pass unmolested, the Commanders thereof permitting a peaceable Search, and giving satisfactory Information of the Contents of the Ladings, and Destinations of the Voyages.”
The reality was that whether they were called privateers or pirates, the real distinction between the two was non-existent, at least to those who faced them on the high seas. The men were given the right to behave just 
like pirates, so they behaved just like pirates, boarding and capturing ships and using force if necessary. The good news for the privateers was that privateers holding Letters of Marque were not subject to prosecution by their home nation and, if captured, were treated as prisoners of war instead of criminals by foreign nations. Even if they were caught, this was the best-case scenario for the privateers, and they were the best thing for this country at that important time in our history.
