Caryn
Before it became part of Canada, the Island of Vancouver was known as the Colony of Vancouver Island, but it was officially referred to the Island of Vancouver and its Dependencies. It was a Crown colony of British North America from 1849 to 1866. Then, in 1886, it was united with the mainland to form the Colony of British Columbia. The united colony joined Canadian Confederation in 1871, thereby becoming part of Canada. The colony included Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands in the Strait of Georgia. The transitions the island made over those years are fairly common as land ownership went over the centuries.
The first European person to set foot on Vancouver Island was Captain James Cook landing first on the island at Nootka Sound in 1778 during his third voyage. Cook spent a month in the area, claiming the territory for Great Britain. Trader John Meares arrived in 1786 and established a single-building trading post near the native village of Yuquot (Friendly Cove) at the entrance to Nootka Sound in 1788. The fur trade began expanding across the island, eventually leading to permanent settlement.
The Spanish Empire also explored the region. In 1789, Commandant Esteban José Martínez constructed a fort at Friendly Cove on Vancouver Island and seized British ships, stating that they had sovereignty. The fort was re-established in 1790 Francisco de Eliza, and a small community developed around it. Ownership of the remained contested between Spain and Britain.
In 1792, Captain George Vancouver arrived to with Spanish Commandant Juan Francisco de Bodega y Quadra. The plan was to negotiate an agreement concerning the island, but their lengthy negotiations failed to resolve the competing claims of ownership. In fact, the negotiations went so badly that the two countries nearly went to war over the issue. The negotiation-confrontation became known as the Nootka Crisis. Disaster was finally averted when both parties agreed to recognize the other’s rights to the area in the first Nootka Convention in 1790. While it was shaky, it was a preliminary step towards peace. Negotiations continued and the two countries signed the second Nootka Convention in 1793 and the third Convention in 1794. As per the final agreement, the Spanish dismantled their fort at Nootka and left the area, granting the British sovereignty over Vancouver Island and the adjoining islands, including the Gulf Islands.
It was not until 1843 that Britain, under the auspices of the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), established a settlement on Vancouver Island. In March 1843, James Douglas of the Hudson’s Bay Company and a missionary arrived and an area for settlement. Construction of the fort began in June. This settlement was a fur trading post originally named Fort Albert, later renamed Fort Victoria. The fort was located at the Songhees settlement of Camosack (Camosun), 200 meters northwest of the present-day Empress Hotel on Victoria Inner Harbour.
In 1846, the Oregon Treaty was signed by the British and the States to the question of the US Oregon Territory borders. The Treaty established the 49th parallel north latitude as the official border between the two countries. To ensure that Britain retained all of Vancouver Island and the southern Gulf Islands, however, it was agreed that the border would swing south around that area. Finally, in 1849, the Colony of Vancouver Island was established and leased to the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) for ten years at an annual fee of seven shillings, which sounds almost comical these days. Consequently, HBC moved its western headquarters from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River (present-day Vancouver, Washington) to Fort Victoria. Chief Factor James Douglas was relocated from Fort Vancouver Fort Victoria to oversee the operations west of the Rockies.
The British colonial designated the territory as a Crown colony on 13 January 1849. Douglas was tasked with encouraging British settlement. Richard Blanshard was appointed as the colony’s governor. Blanshard 
discovered that the HBC’s control over the affairs of the new colony was nearly absolute, and that Douglas held practical authority in the territory. There was no civil service, no police, no militia, and virtually every colonist was an employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company. Frustrated, Blanshard abandoned his post a year later and returned to England. In 1851, Blanshard’s resignation was finalized, and the colonial office appointed Douglas as governor.
Having a history of seismic activity, January 12, 2010’s, earthquake in Haiti was not a total shock, but what was shocking was the devastation when that quake turned out to be massive. So devastating was the quake, that there was an immediate global response. Unfortunately, that amazing response didn’t precipitate the full recovery of the tiny nation.
Haiti’s history of seismic activity includes devastating earthquakes recorded there in 1751, 1770, 1842, and 1946. Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. The island lies mostly between two large tectonic plates, the North American and the Caribbean. Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti practically straddles this fault line. Despite knowing about the fault line and the warnings from seismologists that another earthquake was likely in the near future, the infrastructure and emergency services were not prepared to handle the effects of a natural disaster, because of the state of poverty of the country.
The 7.0 earthquake struck just before 5pm local time. The shaking was felt as far away as Cuba and Venezuela, but the epicenter was just 16 miles away from Port-au-Prince. Eight aftershocks followed in quick succession the same day, and at least 52 were recorded over the next two weeks. The quake’s effect on the area was catastrophic. All of the capital’s hospitals, with three facilities operated by Doctors Without Borders, sustained significant damage. Additionally, Port-au-Prince’s airport and seaport were rendered inoperable. Telecommunications services were severely affected, major roads were rendered impassable, and nearly 300,000 buildings, most of which were residences, were damaged beyond repair. The National Assembly building and Port-au-Prince Cathedral were also destroyed.
While the damage to the area was horrific, it pales when compared to the human toll. That number was devastating, remains incalculable. The lowest estimates put the number of deaths around 40,000 to 50,000, but the Haitian government estimated that more than 316,000 died. All of the authorities agreed that the death toll is impossible to truly count. In addition to the deaths, approximately 1 million people were displaced.
News and shocking images of the quake, including photos of the heavily-damaged National Palace, quickly brought about a massive humanitarian response. First to respond was the Dominican Republic and Dominican Red Cross, both of whom responded immediately. They brought in emergency supplies and airlifts to Dominican hospitals. Money, supplies, and manpower began to come in from nations on every continent. Port-au-Prince’s airport operated around the clock, but they could not accommodate all the arrivals. Foreign air forces, including those of the United States and Great Britain, began airlifting survivors to hospital ships located off the coast, and some supplies were dropped to the island by parachute. By January 22nd, the “Hope for Haiti” telethon had been organized, and broke records by raising $58 million in one day.
You might have thought that with all the responses, they country would be well on its way toward a full recovery, but while the humanitarian response was immediate and overwhelming, Haiti’s crippled infrastructure 
made the delivery of aid difficult. Six months later, the situation was still classified as an emergency. A million people on the island lived in tents, and a cholera epidemic that began in October claimed over 3,300 more lives. Whether or not Haiti has yet fully recovered is a matter of debate today, 15 years later, but the effects of the earthquake were unmistakable for at least the next decade.
My uncle, Bill Beadle, spent much of his working life in the pipe yards. Later, he owned his own rathole drilling business with his sons, Forrest and Steve, by his side. While Uncle Bill was a great machinist and an all-around mechanic, he truly loved fishing and bird hunting in the Worland area with his son, Steve the best. I am certain that is also why Uncle Bill was so content, in his later years, to live with Steve, his wife, Wanda, and their family. I can imagine they spent a lot of time discussing their fishing trips and their time walking the fields hunting for pheasants and chukars. Uncle Bill enjoyed hunting them because it was so exciting to walk the fields, waiting for that unexpected bird to fly up out of nowhere. The hunter had only seconds to react and would succeed only if he was truly skilled. Uncle Bill was truly skilled.
Uncle Bill Beadle was a unique individual. He had a deep love for all things western, and particularly the Old West. It is possible that he even felt he should have been living in the era. It is not that God made a mistake by placing him in the wrong time, but sometimes our personal preferences make us feel as though we might have been better suited to a different era. His family would have disagreed with him, had he suggested that he should have lived in the Old West…mostly because we wouldn’t have wanted him not to be with us. For Uncle Bill, it was not about living in the Old West, but about his love for Wyoming, which he truly did. Nevertheless, he was a cowboy at heart and would have loved to spend time in the Old West, even if it had only been a short time…like “Back to the Future!!” 
Uncle Bill was always entertaining and humorous, and I enjoyed visiting with him. When his memory began to decline, Uncle Bill could no longer attend family gatherings, and as many elderly people, he struggled to communicate with family members, and it became easier for him to stay home rather than attempt to engage in conversations. I truly miss those times with Uncle Bill. Today would have been Uncle Bill’s 96th birthday. Happy birthday in Heaven, Uncle Bill. We love and miss you very much.
My niece, Gaby Beach has been a serious athlete since before joining the Navy, years ago. Now that she is discharged from the Navy, she has made the commitment to her health, and she has never looked back. Gaby love many kinds of sports, including hiking, weightlifting, and running. When it comes to her workouts, Gaby is fierce!! She doesn’t give up, and she doesn’t slack off. She is a very determined woman, with the mindset of being the very best she can possibly be. I have no doubt that she will meet every goal and make every dream come true.
Gaby loves to run, and while I don’t know how many marathons and half-marathons she has participated in, I would not be surprised to find that the number is a dozen or more. If she is not competing, she is training. Her workouts are rigorous, and her runs are done with determination. I think the one thing that surprises me, an avid walker, who only runs from a bear (just 
kidding), is that even in the middle of a long run, Gaby still has the energy to kick up her heels with a big smile on her face. I’m doing my best just to breathe in a run.
Gaby and my nephew, Allen Beach moved from Casper to Washington a couple of years ago, and they have been doing quite a bit of exploring and hiking the trails in the area. They have taken a couple of trips up the coast, to Utah, and to Arizona. Part of those were for runs, but the trips were amazing too. Gaby is a social girl who makes friends easily. She works as a nurse at the Veteran’s Hospital in Eugene, Oregon, and she absolutely loves her job. Being a veteran herself, Gaby has a heart for veterans. In her work, she deals with 
various ailments, disabilities, and emotional needs of the veterans. While any nurse could care for the needs of the veterans at hospital, it occurs to me that a nurse who is also a veteran would have a unique connection to the needs of the men and women themselves, not just their bodies. I believe this is what makes Gaby perhaps the best nurse they could have at that hospital. Today is Gaby’s birthday. Happy birthday Gaby!! Have a great day!! We love you!!
For my niece, Toni Chase and her husband, Dave, travel is always on the agenda. They always have several trips to various places, some of which are quite exotic. Tonie tells me that this was “a very good year.” Over the Independence Day week, Toni and Dave took a trip to Glacier National Park with their son, James Renville and his wife Manuela…and of course, Toni and Dave’s puppies, Biscuit and Cricket. They all had an amazing time. They love doing a little hiking and exploring the lakes and rivers in the area. Later, Toni and Dave took a trip to New Mexico with his mom and sister. One of the highlights of the trip was the trip to White Rock overlooking the Rio Grande River. The view was majestic, and they absolutely loved the time together.
While the trips to Glacier and New Mexico were amazing, the trip that was the crème de la crème was the trip 
they took to Portugal. Dave had wanted them to take this trip for their tenth wedding anniversary, but Covid-19 rather got in the way, so they finally took the trip in September. The had a wonderful time, seeing all the sights and dining in all the best places. On the first night there, Toni had shrimp, and Dave took a picture of her plate to send as a joke to her son James. How the shrimp ended up with a face of sorts, I do not know. They took lots of pictures so that they will have great memories of this trip of a lifetime.
Toni and Dave also went to a couple of concerts this year. One was an outdoor concert, and the other was at Dropkick Murphy’s. The kids went to that one too. The concerts and trips were a welcome break from the renovations they have been working on in their rental house. The house has been sold now to James and Manuela, and James is especially excited about that, as it is the house he grew up in. Toni tells me that she 
spent just about every free second she had all winter and clear up to August working on that house getting it ready to sell to James and Manuela. The house didn’t have a lot of issues, but it was built in the 1950s, and as with any older home, things need to be repaired, updated, and modernized. All in all, it has been a busy year. Today is Toni’s birthday. Happy birthday Toni!! Have a great day!! We love you!!
Many people hate, or at least really dislike winter, but the cold and snow we normally see really isn’t so bad…at least not when compared to “the worst winter in the West,” which took place in 1886. During one of the harshest days of the “worst winter in the West,” nearly an inch of snow fell every hour for 16 hours, placing increased stress on the already starving cattle’s ability to find food.
Harsh winters in Montana, Wyoming, and the Dakotas was nothing new, but underestimating the coming winter can lead to disaster. The plains ranchers had seen severe winters in the past, but they had survived because their cattle were well-fed into the winter. By the mid-1880s, however, the situation had changed, and the winters had become mild. In hopes of making quick and easy money, greedy speculators had stocked the northern ranges in Montana, Wyoming, and the Dakotas. Deceived by the prior series of mild winters, many ranch managers had stopped putting up any winter feed. Then, in 1886, disaster struck.
The disaster began when that summer was hot and dry. Draught is often a precursor to big problems. By autumn, the range was almost barren of grass. That was bad enough, but then came the cold and snow, which came early. By January, record-breaking snowfalls blanketed the plains, forcing the already weakened cattle to expend vital energy just moving through the snow in search of the already scant forage. In January, a warm Chinook wind briefly melted the top layers of snow. The “January Thaw” is a well know phenomenon is this area. When the brutal cold returned…so brutal, that some ranches recorded temperatures of 63 below zero, a hard, thick shell of ice formed over the ground, making it almost impossible for the cattle to break through the snow to reach the meager amount of grass below. Unfortunately, the ranchers had become complacent, and with no winter hay stored to feed the animals, many ranchers had to sit by idly and watch their herds slowly starve to death. According to one historian, “Starving cattle staggered through village streets, and collapsed and died in dooryards.” In Montana, 5,000 head of cattle invaded the outskirts of Great Falls, eating the saplings the townspeople had planted that spring and “bawling for food.”
When the snow melted in the spring, the carcasses of the massive herds dotted the land as far as the eye could see. One observer noted that many rotting carcasses clogged the creeks and rivers, so that it was difficult to find water fit to drink. Millions of cattle are estimated to have died during the “Great Die-Up,” in a grimly humorous reference to the celebrated “Round-Up.” Montana ranchers alone lost an estimated 362,000 head of cattle, which was more than half of the territory’s herd.
The ill planned for disaster sent hundreds of area ranches into bankruptcy. The hard winter also brought an abrupt end to the era of the open range. Realizing that they could not predict future weather, the ranchers now understood that they would always need to grow crops to feed their animals, both in summer and winter. Ranchers began to reduce the size of their herds and to stretch barbed wire fences across the open range to 
enclose their new hay fields. By the 1890s, the typical rancher was, out of necessity, also a farmer. Cowboys began to spend more time fixing fences than riding herd or roping yearlings. Hard lessons learned, but eventually, new settlers to the West understood that they had to adapt to the often-harsh demands of life on the western plains, if they were to survive and thrive.
When the US government decided that the Indians in Montana needed to be moved to their reservations, they resisted by gathering together a combined force of Sioux and Cheyenne warriors and in what became known as the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Crazy Horse and his ally, Sitting Bull along with their men fought to a stunning victory over Lieutenant Colonel George Custer (1839-1876) and his men. Custer faced fierce resistance from Native Americans who opposed the strenuously opposed the US government’s efforts to force them back to their reservations. After Custer and over 200 of his soldiers were killed in the conflict, later dubbed “Custer’s Last Stand,” the white American public demanded revenge. Consequently, the US Army, led by General Nelson Miles (1839-1925), launched a winter campaign in 1876-1877 against the remaining tribes on the Northern Plains.
By combining military force with diplomatic efforts, Nelson persuaded many Native Americans to surrender and return to their reservations. However, much to Miles’ frustration, Sitting Bull refused to capitulate and fled to Canada, where he and his people remained for four years before finally surrendering to the US in 1881. Sitting Bull died in 1890. Meanwhile, Crazy Horse and his band also refused to surrender, despite suffering from illness and starvation.
Six months later, Oglala Lakota Sioux warrior Crazy Horse and his men, who were severely outnumbered, low on ammunition, and forced to use outdated weapons to defend themselves, began the fight that would in essence become Crazy Horse’s Last Stand…or at least his final losing battle against the US Cavalry in Montana. On January 8, 1877, General Miles discovered Crazy Horse’s camp along Montana’s Tongue River. US soldiers opened fire with their large wagon-mounted guns, forcing the Native Americans from their warm tents into a raging blizzard. Crazy Horse and his warriors managed to regroup on a ridge and fire, but most of their ammunition was gone, leaving them to fight with bows and arrows. They held off the soldiers long enough for the women and children to escape under the cover the blinding blizzard before they turned to go with them.
Although Crazy Horse had avoided a decisive defeat, opting instead to retreat, he understood that Miles and his 
well-equipped cavalry troops would eventually hunt down and destroy his cold, hungry followers. On May 6, 1877, Crazy Horse led approximately 1,100 Native Americans to the Red Cloud reservation near Nebraska’s Fort Robinson and surrendered. Five months later, a guard fatally stabbed him after he allegedly resisted imprisonment by the guards. Very few people believe that story, since it was Crazy Horse who had chosen to surrender. During that time there was a deep level of discord between the Native Americans and the White Man. I’m sure the guard felt that he was doing everyone a favor.
This year has been one of great change and excitement for my grandniece, Siara Kirk. Just after her last birthday, her son Nathan was born, and while she still misses her first son, Alec Olsen, who passed away at three months old, in 2020, she has been so excited to have spent such a wonderful year with Nathan. Siara and her husband, Chris Kirk spent several months before Nathan’s arrival remodeling their newly purchased house so that everything would be perfect for their new little bundle of joy. And Nathan has not disappointed them. He has kept them laughing, hugging, and smothering him with kisses.
Siara works at Platte Valley Bank in Casper, and since they bought the house next door to her parents, Chantel and Dave Balcerzak, she has an easy childcare situation that is a blessing to her and Chris, as well as the 
grandparents. Siara and Chris are wonderful parents, and Nathan is such a goofy, happy little boy. These days he is keeping them on their toes, because he is everywhere all at once…typical of little one year old boys. Siara doesn’t mind that one bit, she is just enjoying the thrill of motherhood…and it keeps her in great shape…a win-win!!
Siara and Chris have always been active people. They love to be outdoors and go hiking. They have also been going snowboarding. This is a new sport for Siara, and she is enjoying it very much. They also love going to the lake and hanging out in the sun. I know that little Nathan will be an outdoor baby too, because he will want to be just like his parents. Siara and Chris love to attend concerts and football games too…often with her parents. 
They are avid Wyoming Cowboys fans, as is most of our family, and they try to get to as many games as they can. Siara has always been a football fan, or at least since her cheerleading days at Kelly Walsh High School and the University of Great Falls. Siara is a National Champion Cheerleader from her days at Kelly Walsh, and that is an honor that will always be with her. Being athletic is such an important thing. It keeps us healthy, and that is a great thing to pass on to our kids. Siara will leave a great legacy for her kids. Today is Siara’s birthday. Happy birthday Siara!! Have a great day!! We love you!!
My grandnephew, Ethan Hadlock has grown up so much that it seems like he went from being a little boy to a man overnight. This has been an important year for him, because he has been learning to drive, ad today is that all important 16th birthday. I can’t believe he is old enough to drive already. Still, when you look at him, you know it, because he is very tall. I’m not sure how tall he is exactly, but I figure it is over six feet.
Ethan is a loving young man, who always takes the time to come and hug his family at church and whenever we are together. There is a gentleness about him that you don’t always see in kids. He might well have a teasing side, because he wouldn’t be a Hadlock if he didn’t, but his gentle loving side always seems to outweigh his teasing side. He is good to his sister, Aurora, and of course to his parents, Chelsea and Ryan Hadlock. He is good to his younger cousins, Adelaide Sawdon, Mackensie Moore, and Jolene Thompson, and the little girls love hanging out with Ethan and Aurora. Ethan also loves to go with his family to Wyoming Cowboys games. It’s a family tradition.
Ethan has his own style. He loves to wear a hat. I’m sure the hat he wears has a name, but I just don’t know what it is. Nevertheless, his hat always makes him look distinguished. You don’t often think of a teenager as being distinguished, but Ethan pulls that off quite well. He is a tall and slender kid, and I’m sure that he has or 
will have a lot of girls taking interest in him. And now that he can drive, dating is the next likely step for this handsome young man. Ethan is also a good student in school and gets along well with fellow students and teachers alike. He has helped out with Vacation Bible School at his aunt, Lindsay Moore’s church, and has a great time. All the kids loved him. Ethan is just a wonderful young man who is a pleasure to be around. We are proud of you Ethan. Today is Ethan’s 16th birthday. Happy birthday Ethan!! Have a great day!! We love you!!
When we hear the name Samuel Morse, most of us might think of the Morse Code, and we would be right in thinking of that connection, but Morse would also be the inventor of Morse Code’s companion invention…the telegraph, which was debuted on January 6, 1838, at the Speedwell Iron Works in Morristown, New Jersey. His telegraph, a device that utilized electric impulses to transmit encoded messages over a wire, which ultimately revolutionized long-distance communication, achieving the peak of its popularity in the 1920s and 1930s. After that era, the telegraph, like most technology was outshined by the next big thing.
Samuel Finley Breese Morse was born on April 27, 1791, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He was the first child of the Pastor Jedidiah Morse, who was also a geographer, and his wife Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese. He attended Yale University, where he developed an interest in both art and electricity, which was still in its infancy at the time. After college, Morse pursued a career as a painter. In 1832, while sailing home from Europe, he learned about the newly discovered electromagnet and conceived the idea for an electric telegraph. What he didn’t know was that other inventors were already working on that very concept. Samuel Morse married Lucretia Pickering Walker on September 29, 1818, in Concord, New Hampshire. She died on February 7, 1825, of a heart attack shortly after the birth of their third child. Their children were Susan born 1819, Charles born 1823, and James born 1825. He married his second wife, Sarah Elizabeth Griswold on August 10, 1848, in Utica, New York and had four children, Samuel born 1849, Cornelia born 1851, William born 1853, and Edward born 1857.
Morse dedicated the next several years to developing a prototype. He enlisted the help of Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail to aid him in the process. In 1838, he showcased his invention using Morse code, where dots and dashes represented letters and numbers. By 1843, Morse successfully persuaded a skeptical Congress to finance the construction of the first telegraph line in the United States, stretching from Washington DC to Baltimore. In May 1844, Morse sent the first official telegram over this line, with the message: “What hath God wrought!” That must have been an epic event in his life.
In the following years, private companies, utilizing Morse’s patent, established telegraph lines throughout the Northeast. In 1851, the New York and Valley Printing Telegraph Company was founded, later renaming itself Western Union. By 1861, Western Union had completed the first transcontinental line across the United States. Western Union is still in use today, mainly processing money transfers, but it’s likely they use more modern methods of processing their telegrams. Five years after the first transcontinental like was completed, the first successful permanent line across the Atlantic Ocean was constructed, and by the end of the century, telegraph systems had been established in Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Due to telegraph companies typically charging by the word, telegrams became known for their concise prose, regardless of whether they conveyed happy or sad news. The word “stop,” which was free, was used in place of a period, for which there was a charge. In 1933, Western Union introduced singing telegrams. During World War II, Americans grew to dread the sight of Western Union couriers, as the military used telegrams to inform families of soldiers’ deaths. It was efficient, but the sight of the couriers foretold the message all too often.
Throughout the 20th century, telegraph messages were largely replaced by affordable long-distance phone, faxes, and email. Western Union sent its last actual telegram in January 2006. That fact shows the versatility of the telegraph, and why it was such a great source of wealth for Samuel Morse. For this and other reasons Samuel Morse never lost his fame and popularity. He died of pneumonia, in New York City on April 2, 1872, at the age of 80. At the time of his passing, he was a wealthy man. His fame has long surpassed his years.
